Opportunities for K-8 Students to Learn Statistics Created by States' Standards in the United States

Statistical literacy is key in this heavily polarized information age for an informed and critical citizenry to make sense of arguments in the media and society. The responsibility of developing statistical literacy is often left to the K-12 mathematics curriculum. In this article, we discuss our investigation of K-8 students' current opportunities to learn statistics created by state mathematics standards. We analyze the standards for alignment to the Guidelines for the Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education (GAISE II) PreK-12 report and summarize the conceptual themes that emerged. We found that while states provide K-8 students opportunities to analyze and interpret data, they do not offer many opportunities for students to engage in formulating questions and collecting/considering data. We discuss the implications of the findings for policy makers and researchers and provide recommendations for policy makers and standards writers.

The placenta: basics and clinical significance: edited by Berthold Huppertz and Ekkehard Schleubner, Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer, 2023, 371 pp., $159.99 (hardcover), $119 (e-book), ISBN: 978-3-662-66255-7, ISBN: 978-3-662-66256-4 (e-book)

The placenta is a vital yet poorly understood organ and given the increased interest in recent years in its role in human development and the birth process, histologic examinations are increasingly being performed and cause some consternation to both pathologists and histology laboratories. Different aspects of the placenta are covered including chapters on the normal histology and physiology, immunology, endocrinology, and imaging characteristics of the placenta. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Journal of Histotechnology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

How is flood risk explained in the subject of geography in Spanish schools? An approach based on social science textbooks (primary education)

The main natural risk in the Mediterranean region is flooding. Therefore, in Spain, explaining this issue in Primary Education classrooms of Social Sciences should be a priority and is established as such in the current curriculum. The aims of this study are to carry out an analysis of the contents on flood risk included in the Social Science textbooks (3rd cycle;5th and 6th) of Primary Education of the leading publishers used in Spain (Anaya, Bromera, Santillana, SM and Vicens Vives), in terms of: (1) the meaning of this phenomenon;(2) the causes and consequences of floods;and (3) an analysis of the images (catastrophism and territory location) that are included in the textbooks to explain these events. The results indicate that there is no complete definition of flood risk provided in these textbooks;the information is mainly related to the physical factor (atmospheric event). There is no specific mention of how human beings affect risk (vulnerability and exposure factor). With respect to the causes of floods, the analysis finds confusion in the explanations from the different textbooks and publishers, and the images that are included are sensationalist, highlighting the catastrophism without indicating to which territory it refers. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Research in Geographical & Environmental Education is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Virtual Services in the Health Sciences Library: A Handbook

Pope reviews Virtual Services in the Health Sciences Library: A Handbook edited by Amanda R. Scull.

Gender Analysis of Arabic Language Teaching for Children at Madinah Islamic Full Day Elementary School, Slawi Tegal during the COVID-19 Pandemic

One of the efforts that can be carried out to systematically disseminate gender values is through teaching, be it through the teaching materials or the teaching techniques or strategies. One of the methods observed was through the teaching of Arabic language at Madina Islamic Full Day Elementary School in Slawi Tegal. The research methodology conducted in this study was the descriptive analysis method. The data collection techniques used included observations, interviews, and documentation study. Results of the research indicate that the teaching materials, used by the school from grade one to grade six, show values of gender equality, starting with the appearance of the book cover, the texts of the Arabic language teaching materials, and the exercise materials in the book. Furthermore, based on results of in-depth interviews, it was clarified that gender values in the books are complemented by verbal elaborations given informally by the teachers. Non-verbal explanations are also required in the form of appreciative attitude and treatment given by the educators to the learners, both boys and girls in an equal manner. In relation to the state of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Arabic language lessons were taught online.

Tendency of Student Mobility During Crises: The Sunk Cost Theory Moderated by Emotions and Family Decisions on Studying Overseas

The perceived loss is more complicated when the mental accounting process involves a higher aspiration level (e.g., parents send their children abroad for elite higher education, career success, and permanent residence in the destination country) mixed with an increased possibility of regretting the decision (e.g., the regret induced by the outbreak of pandemic and the low morale of global economy). Instruction languages, textbooks, teaching style, learning environment, and evaluation methods are all essentially distinct between the two school systems. Even for whom stuck in AP- or IB-curriculums of international high schools, with generous family funds, those students can pursue alternative career paths in art performance, entrepreneurship, philanthropy, or take gap years. For other families who have already chosen public schools and then domestic universities, especially working-class families with budget constraints, they are predictable to become risk aversion and avoid the perceived anti-Chinese discrimination and other additional academic, psychological, or social challenges (Yu et al., 2019).

Darwinism expunged from India's school textbooks

Speed read Darwin's theory removed from India's school textbooks Science educators urge restoration in open petition Educators say COVID-19 rationale to delete chapters not tenable [NEW DELHI] Science educators in India are urging the government to restore material on Darwinian evolution which has been removed from science textbooks on the grounds that the study load on schoolchildren needs to be lightened after the COVID-19 pandemic. "The theory of evolution by natural selection as propounded by Charles Darwin and developed and extended subsequently has had a major influence on modern biology and medicine, and indeed all of modern science. According to Raghunandan, Hindu mythology holds that the deity Vishnu descends to Earth as an "avatar” (form) whenever the cosmic order is disturbed.

Augmented Reality in Education: An Interactive way to Learn

In recent times the world has gone through a situation where the people were forced to be in a lockdown amidst the covid-19 pandemic. Various business fields were affected by this phenomenon, some business units have evolved through this staying at home and carrying the work culture. One of the most affected fields was education where the children were made to attend online classes and read from E-textbooks. People are being educated from various methods including offline classroom lectures, physical textbooks etc. The choice of learning methodology is dependent on an individual's access to various technologies, environment, and a person's surroundings. Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that enables the superimposing of artificially made 3D models on top of reality. This paper describes Augmented Reality (AR), how it can be used for interactive education, and help children visualize the concepts for gaining an improved understanding over the educational concepts. © 2022 IEEE.

OČUVANJE ZDRAVLJA PRI RADU S RAČUNALOM PREMA KURIKULUMU INFORMATIKE ZA OSNOVNE ŠKOLE U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ

SAŽETAK: Polazište u ovom radu je odredenje iz Odluke o donošenju kurikuiuma za nastavni predmet informatike za osnovne škole i gimnazije u Republici Hrvatskoj1 da je zdravlje jedna od temeljnih vrijednosti odgoja i obrazovanja. U širem smislu briga o zdravlju, a time i zdravstveno obrazovanje uključuje razumijevanje uloge okolišnih čimbenika te razumijevanje zdravija kao preduvjeta, ishodišta i pokazatelja održivog razvoja društva u cjelini, odnosno razumijevanje i usvajanje zdravih životnih navika, a izbjegavanje navika štetnih za zdravlje. Svrha je i cilj motiviranje te pružanje znanja i potpore za usvajanje zdravih životnih stilova i odgovornog ponašanja. Težište je na važnosti brige o zdravlju tijekom cijeloga života, na očuvanju i unapredivanju zdravlja, sprječavanju bolesti i posljedica bolesti, invaliditeta i prijevremene smrti. Osobito je važno uključiti sadržaje o sigurnosti i zaštiti zdravlja (na radu) u kurikuiume nastavnih predmeta. Prema Odluci o donošenju kurikuiuma za nastavni predmet informatike za osnovne škole i gimnazije u Republici Hrvatskoj iz 2018. godine, navedeno je da će učenici od 1. do 4. razreda osnovne škole moči odabrati nastavni predmet informatika kao izborni predmet od školske godine 2020./2021. U prvom dijelu radu prikazan je izvadak iz dijela Odluke o donošenju kurikuluma za nastavni predmet informatike za osnovne škole i gimnazije u Republici Hrvatskoj2 kao i izvadak iz Kurikuiuma nastavnog predmeta Informatike za osnovne škole i gimnazije3, s aspekta očuvanja (zaštite) zdravlja pri radu s računalom kroz usvajanje osnovnih pojmova, prava i obveza te kineziološka pravila kretanja, sjedenja, odnosno držanja. Dok je u drugom dijelu rada prikazana analiza sadržaja udžbenika za nastavni predmet informatika u nižim razredima osnovne škole, koji učenicima omogućuju razumjeti i odgovorno primjenjivati sigurnosne preporuke s ciljem očuvanja (zaštite) zdravlja pri radu s računalom. informatika u nižim razredima osnovne škole, koji učenicima omogućuju razumjeti i odgovorno primjenjivati sigurnosne preporuke s ciljem očuvanja (zaštite) zdravlja pri radu s računalom.Alternate :The basis of this paper is the Decision on the adoption of the informatics curriculum for primary schools and gymnasia in the Republic of Croatia and, in particular, its stipulation that health is one of the fundamental values in the educational process, in a broad sense, healthcare and health education involves the understanding of the role of environmental factors, the understanding of health as a prerequisite, a foundation, and an indicator of sustainable development of society as a whole, as well as the understanding and adopting healthy habits, while avoiding the harmful ones. The purpose and the goal is to motivate the adoption of healthy lifestyle and responsible behavior and to provide the necessary knowledge and support. The emphasis is put on the importance of proper lifelong healthcare, on the preservation and improvement of health, on prevention of disease and their consequences, disability, and premature death. It is particularly important to include the content on occupational health and safety into the school course curricula. According to the aforementioned Decision taken in 2018, the pupils in primary schools in grades 1 to 4 will have the possibility to choose informatics as an optional course from the school year 2020/21 onwards. The first part of the paper presents an excerpt from the Decision, as well as the excerpt from the informatics curriculum for primary schools and gymnasia as the subject of the said Decision. Both excerpts cover the aspect of preservation and protection of health during work on a computer through adoption of basic terminology, rights and obligations, and the rules of kinesiology that refer to movement, sitting and posture. The second part of the paper presents the analysis of the content of textbooks used for the course informatics in grades 1 to 4 in elementary schools, in particular the parts that help the pu ils understand and apply the safety recommendations that were given to preserve and protect health during work on a computer.

Editorial

Following hot on the heels of the Department for Education's controversial ‘Model Music Curriculum' came a ‘research review' from Ofsted, the Office for Standards in Education, Children's' Services and Skills' – the government body responsible for inspecting providers of education and skills, and in the middle of the school summer holiday, the Department for Education published a report on their public consultation about music education in England, carried out in early 2020, just before the Covid-19 pandemic impacted our daily life. Moving to Higher Education, Ronel de Villiers' article ‘The Force Field Model applied to a Music Education teacher training framework in a South African context' explores Music teacher education through four inter-related and dynamic forces (contextual, institutional, biographic and programmatic). [...]we hope all of our readers stay safe, and that music education continues to be a force for good in the rapidly changing world in which we live.

El uso de organizadores textuales para comprensión lectora en lengua meta, una experiencia durante la pandemia por la Covid-19 1

El presente estudio muestra una investigación realizada en la Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, en la que se perseguía realizar una propuesta de mejora para el trabajo de la comprensión lectora en la asignatura de Inglés Instrumental II. Esta propuesta tenía que recoger estrategias de lectura y el uso de organizadores visuales textuales en lengua meta. Para ello se analizaron 11 lecturas del libro de texto Macmillan Hub B1+/B2- y se complementaron las actividades con un entrenamiento en estrategias de lectura y el uso de un organizador textual específico según la necesidad del texto. Para la aplicación se valoró por un lado el desempeño previo y posterior en comprensión lectora y el desempeño de 5 actividades de evaluación continua en comprensión de textos. Dicha aplicación tuvo que ser adaptada a una enseñanza a distancia debido a la pandemia provocada por la Covid-19. La muestra del estudio, n=57, fueron estudiantes de segundo curso del Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte y el Grado en Psicología, divididos en Grupo Experimental, GE, (n=31) y Grupo de Control, GC, (n=26). Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas de hasta 2.8 puntos sobre 10 en el caso del GE respecto al de control. Por tanto, se considera que el uso de estrategias de lectura combinadas con el entrenamiento en el uso de organizadores visuales del texto contribuye a una mejora en la comprensión lectora.Alternate abstract:This study presents an investigation carried out in the European University of the Atlantic, Santander. Its main aim was to create a didactic proposal to improve reading comprehension in the subject of English as a Foreign Language, level 2. This proposal included the use of reading strategies and graphic organizers. Eleven texts from the textbook Macmillan English Hub B1+/ B2- were analyzed. The activities were improved by including a training in the use of reading strategies and a specific graphic organizer for every type of text. To apply the proposal, it was necessary to take a previous and a post reading test as well as 5 extra reading activities as part of the continuous evaluation. The application had to be adapted to online teaching because of the Covid-19 pandemic. The sample of the study consisted of 57 students enrolled in the Science of Sports degree and the Psychology degree. Thirty-one of these students took part in the experimental group, while the other 26 took part in the control group. The results showed that there were significant differences between these two groups. In conclusion, the use of reading strategies together with the training in the use of graphic organizers contributes to an improvement in reading comprehension.Alternate abstract:Cette étude porte sur une recherche menée a l'Université Européenne de l'Atlantique, Santander, dans laquelle l'objectif principal était de faire une proposition didactique pour améliorer la compréhension écrite dans le cours d'anglais langue étrangere, niveau II. Cette proposition comprend l'utilisation de stratégies de lecture et d'organisateurs graphiques. Pour cela, 11 textes du manuel Macmillan English Hub B1 + / B2- ont été analysés. Par ailleurs, les activités ont été complétées avec une formation aux stratégies de lecture et l'utilisation d'un organisateur textuel spécifique en fonction du texte. Pour appliquer notre proposition, il était nécessaire de passer un test de lecture antérieur et postérieur ainsi que 5 activités de lecture supplémentaires dans le cadre de l'évaluation continue. L'application a été adaptée a l'enseignement a distance pour la pandémie de la Covid-19. L'échantillon de l'étude, n = 57, était composé d'étudiants de deuxieme année du diplome en sciences du sport et en psychologie, divisés en groupe expérimental (n = 31) et groupe témoin (n = 26). Les résultats ont montré des différences significatives allant jusqu'a plus de 2.8 points sur 10 dans le cas du groupe expérimental par rapport au témoin. Par conséquent, on considere que l'utilis tion de stratégies de lecture en combinaison avec une formation a l'utilisation d'organisateurs graphiques contribue a une amélioration de la compréhension en lecture.

Curriculum, instruction, and assessment: A snapshot of world language education in Massachusetts

This large-scale study used a survey to collect data on K-12 world language classrooms in Massachusetts public schools, focusing on core instructional practices, curriculum, and assessment. The study resulted in 383 individual teacher completed responses, representing 188 districts, which was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results indicate encouraging signs in the adoption of core proficiency-based instructional practices, thematic curriculum design, and the use of performance-based assessments. Further support for teachers in how to implement these practices is needed, along with attention to school leaders who may have no background in world language education but are tasked with supporting and evaluating world language teachers. Survey data were collected at the beginning of school closures due to COVID-19, capturing a picture of K-12 world language education and a point of comparison for future research.

Teaching the concept of decision-usefulness, and accounting as a technical, social and moral practice: the case of COVID-19 "case number” reporting

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how teaching broader accounting concepts through real life non-financial case study information (such as COVID-19 case reporting) can assist students understanding accounting's technical, social and moral perspectives. Accounting education and practice has traditionally focussed on the technical aspects of accounting and has situated accounting within a financial context.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory study uses content analysis of COVID-19 case and death numbers reported by several international health reporting agencies. This study does not set out to provide a detailed technical or comparative jurisdictional analysis of the decision-usefulness of COVID-19 information. Rather, this study looks at the "decision-usefulness” of the COVID-19 case and death number information, and provides examples that educators can draw upon for inspiration when showing how the qualitative characteristics of decision-useful information can be applied to non-financial information. This study also highlights, by use of a "novel data set”, the technical, social and moral aspects of accounting.FindingsThis study finds that the COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity for accounting education by positioning the qualitative characteristics of decision-useful information beyond a financial context. The exploration of accounting within this setting effectively demonstrates that accounting has "technical”, "social” and "moral” dimensions.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified need to include teaching of decision-usefulness of non-financial information in the accounting curriculum to ensure that future professional accountants possess technical and professional competency skills.

Developing Madura Local Content and Augmented Reality-Based Digital Textbook to Improve Scientific Reasoning Ability

Textbooks currently circulating have not been adapted to online learning systems and their contents are less interactive, less communicative, and have not been based on local content potential. This research aimed to produce digital textbooks based on Madura local content and augmented reality to improve students' scientific reasoning ability. This research development was done based on ASSURE instructional design, between July and August 2020. This research involved 15 students of SMP Al-Hikam Burneh, Bangkalan-Madura. The assessments of the digital textbook were done to decide its validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Furthermore, the students' scientific reasoning abilities were measured using pretest and posttest. The validity data obtained were analyzed descriptively using percentages, while students' scientific reasoning skills were analyzed using gain scores. The results showed that the percentage values were 87.5% for content validity (valid), 91.10% for media (very valid), 87.41% for technical (very valid), and 88.9% for practicality (valid). In addition, the students' scientific reasoning skills were classified as effective based on the gain scores achieved in each indicator i.e., 0.49 (argumentation), 0.45 (existing knowledge), 0.38 (methodology), 0.43 (analysis), and 0.40 (concluding). Thus, the digital textbook developed is effective to improve students' scientific reasoning skills.

Funding Open Educational Resources in Higher Education: A South African Public Policy Perspective

The direct crediting of book allowances to student accounts was, among other reasons, underpinned by the belief that students would be able to substitute prescribed study material with online content. The article attempts to understand if the local open educational resources (OER) funding policy environment was prepared for this significant transformation. The paper applied a critical theory paradigm and a documentary research strategy to identify policy-level documents on OER funding in the South African higher education sector. Content analysis was then applied to review what they said about OER funding. These outcomes were then measured against the National Policy Development Framework 2020, which also dominated the study's conceptual framework. The study's significant findings were that the OER funding policy did not meet the policymaking principles of the framework, and this exposed Higher Education to a poorly funded OER environment. The study recommended hastening the finalization of OER policy and the flexible application of current policy terms to include OER as a fundable higher education cause.

Managing Roles in Entrepreneurial Organisation

The success of an entrepreneurial organisation towards meeting its objectives is largely dependent on the effective management of roles.An effective development and survival is attainable in entrepreneurial organisations since originators have the compassion to give their best for achieving the sustainability of the organisations through hard work and commitment. Entrepreneurs are generally thought to be abnormal people because they are unique and creative in their thoughts and ability to change an old way of doing things to more acceptable modern and global standard. This study used secondary data from extant literatures in international and local academic journal articles, textbooks and other useful articles on the web sites. The inability to get adequate responses from entrepreneurs is responsible for desk research due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Also, entrepreneurial organisations partially closed their businesses and this necessitated the use of secondary data. The study adopted two role models: Managerial Roles proposed by Henry Mintzberg and the Founder's Multiple Roles Model by Peter Wilson and Sue Bates. The study concluded that roles that need to be implemented by the founders and their managers must be articulately carried out in entrepreneurial organisations in order to achieve stated objectives such as corporate survival. Furthermore, the study recommended that investment in training and development of workers should be put into consideration to enable them cope and adjust to assigned duties and functions that is accompanied by technological innovations towards corporate survival.

Response to Student Feedback for 1st Year Mechanics Subject at Swinburne University of Technology

CONTEXT The subject ENG10003 Mechanics of Structures is common to all Engineering degree courses at Swinburne University of Technology. In the 2020 COVID year, the course was delivered fully online. Student feedback from the Subject Assessment Surveys for 2020 largely uncovered the limitations they perceived in the online delivery of the subject for its first time. A particular inference made, was that some students claimed they gained little additional benefit from the online delivery of the subject than from going through presentation of the theory and example solved/worked problems in textbooks. PURPOSE OR GOAL In reviewing the content of the delivery, student comments were vindicated in places as some material was based on inclusion of its electronic form of treatment with worked examples made available by the publishers of the recommended textbook. Some of the more positive feedback from students related to the screening of the videoed performance of the two experiments and their results presented in Weeks 7 and 10 of the online delivery. Students were required to perform analysis of the measurements made available to obtain key results and then to compare these against their theoretical counterparts in a report forming part of their assessment for the subject. The inclusion of experiment-based evidence on topics treated in other weeks of the subject delivery was therefore seen as a positive step towards increasing value to students of the online delivery of subject ENG10003 in 2021. APPROACH OR METHODOLOGY/METHODS The content of the online delivery of ENG10003 in every alternate week of Semester1 2021, was therefore supplemented by excerpts of experiment-based material drawn from www.Mechanics-Lab.com and made available by Strucomp P/L as a trial. The trial was anticipated to provide an opportunity to judge the efficacy of inclusion of experiment-based evidence as an enhancement to the learning of topics relevant to the subject. In addition, relaxing of COVID restrictions during the latter part of Semester 1, allowed students optional attendance of two "Open Sessions” where they could perform the TechnoLab™-based experiments used in the online delivery of ENG10003, hands-on for themselves. ACTUAL OR ANTICIPATED OUTCOMES Informal student feedback has been quite positive. Results from a purpose-specific quiz and the Subject Assessment Learning Survey for the subject, also show favourable responses for the inclusion of experiment-based verification of topics in the delivery of ENG10003. CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS/SUMMARY Whilst hands-on performance of experimentation on physical models for obtaining experiment-based evidence supporting the understanding and acceptance of basic principles and analysis/modelling techniques treated in ENG10003 has been acknowledged by students as superior to online delivery of such material, these students still feel it worthwhile to include videos of experiment-based evidence of topics in the online delivery of the subject. Copyright © Jessey Lee and Nicholas Haritos, 2021.

Information Technology-based Public Service Management during covid-19 (Case Study of SIBERAS Application in Sidenreng Rappang Regency)

The problems in this study are the public service management system which is still manual, the lack of human resources, not understanding technology, inadequate infrastructure and the absence of transparency, accountability, efficiency and effectiveness and several villages that have been given the SIBERAS application (BUMDes Information System and Village Management) including Bulo Village, Aka-Akae, Carawali, Timoreng Panua etc. The presence of this system, the community can receive service management easily and quickly. The purpose of this study was to see the Effectiveness of Information Technology-Based Public Service Management (SIBERAS) during Covid-19 in Sidenreng Rappang. This research uses case study methods, literature studies or library research by taking reading sources from secondary data collected through textbooks, scientific journals, media track records. This type of research was analyzed qualitatively with an interactive model consisting of data presentation, data reduction, conclusion drawing and verification. The results of this study are that there are several village governments that do not use the SIBERAS application (BuMDes Management Information System and Village Government) for the Village Government and who use this application very effectively in managing Public Management, especially during Covid-19.

Gender and class in the imagined educational spaces in Pakistani primary school textbooks: a challenge for inclusivity agenda

Post-COVID educational planning demands an urgent re-evaluation of the inclusivity of our educational systems, now that almost 24 million learners, a majority of these girls and the poor in developing countries, are at the risk of dropping out. This paper explores the discursive inclusivity of some primary level textbooks used in government and low-fee private schools in Pakistan. An analysis of the intersection of gender and class in 38 ‘imagined' educational spaces (classrooms/schools and related contexts) appearing in the textbooks revealed that the discourse strongly excluded and legitimized the absence of working class females, while marginalizing those from middle class. Education appears to be largely irrelevant to the lives of females across classes, just as they themselves appear to be knowledge construction. The normalized presence in education is that of middle-class males, with some peripheral space for those from working-class males. Foucault's theoretical framework reveals exclusionary techniques of: a) spatial exclusion b) exclusivity of the right to speak what counts as knowledge;c) construction of differential enabling possibilities. Although transgressive at times, the discourse never challenges the dominant norms, highlighting a worrisome aspect in textbooks that need to be addressed by policy makers and educationists. © 2022 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.

Choosing from a range of e-sources when planning lessons - a challenge for teachers

In this article, we report on a qualitative exploratory study in a primary school based on observation in classrooms and interviews with teachers. The aim was to find out what e-sources teachers were using during the mandated distance learning in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic and immediately after students returned to school, and how and why they were using them. The results show that teachers are not very familiar with the range of complex e-textbooks and their additional digital support offered by publishing houses. They believe they can find fun and interactive exercises on the internet on their own and in practice they do so, often unsystematically. The teachers' main criteria for selecting resources are attractiveness, fun and interactivity. This exploratory research shows that in the flood of different e-sources that teachers can use, it is even more crucial that the textbook plays a coordinating role. Within it, it is important to offer teachers high quality and goal-oriented resources that they can adapt, combine, and compile according to their own discretion and the needs of their classroom. At the same time, there is a need to focus teacher training on developing competences to work with diverse and fragmented resources.